Edgar Allan Poe’s Influence on Literature Essay

My work experience at South London Press Essay Example For Students

My work involvement with South London Press Essay Close to the finish of a year ago, my schools work experience co-organizer came to us and disclosed to us the time had come to start getting ready for work understanding, which starts on July seventh till the sixteenth. Because of actuality Ive consistently needed to work experience on the grounds that more seasoned kids in the past have said it has a ton of fun and pleasant, in addition to you get the opportunity to work in average workplace. In spite of the fact that work experience has picked up acclaim I accept work experience is tied in with learning new aptitudes, learning new thoughts, functioning as a feature of a group and being able to convey. In spite of the fact that our work experience co-ordinator said don't limit yourself to simply the activity you accept your going to do later on, yet attempt to find a new line of work which youre inspired by. Considering that I started applying for arrangements in my field of intrigue Media, before the Christmas occasions I conveyed various application structures which had incorporated an introductory letter, a c. v. What's more, a consent letter from work experience co-ordinator Ms McQuaid. During the special seasons I hung tight for answers from my selection of positions yet I heard nothing. So when I returned after the new Year I sent of thirty five new applications to different areas in media, these included KISS 100, Capital fm, XFM, Channel FIVE, The Sun, The Daily Mirror and The South London Press. At the point when it came to February I started to get different answers anyway they were all dismissals. Reasons they would state incorporate Im under 18, I applied past the point of no return and that the positions for July were totally taken. Seen as I had applied to fifty arrangements I despite everything got an opportunity to get my preferred position, with my co-ordinator breathing down our necks to secure a situation or hazard getting one not of your decision in some place like Sainsburys stacking racks. So in light of that I started calling the positions I applied for. This was riotous however my school gave me an opportunity to do as such during games exercises and at lunch times when I expected to do as such. While calling around I came into contact with numerous accommodating individuals some not all that co-usable, I found the bigger organizations had the most noticeably awful perspectives. With ten possibilities left to get a situation of my decision I called South London Press and addressed Kara the associate to distributing executive at South London Press. She asked me my inclinations and I revealed to her she at that point said to want a meeting on the eighteenth of April. That day Kara consented to have a meeting with the Big Issue had acknowledged for an arrangement. I kept this open door open and still went for the meeting for the South London Press. The meeting was on the eighteenth of April, on the day I needed to take with my introductory letter, consent letter and c.v. The day was bright and the excursion was basic, take Victoria line cylinder to Victoria then the Southwest Train to Streatham Hill Station The area of SLP. At the point when I showed up I welcomed the gathering and requested them to call Kara. I sat tight for two minutes and Kara came and she took me to the meeting room where she talked about dates with me and afterward disclosed to me I had got the situation which I was content with. With the battle to increase an arrangement off the beaten path I needed to start filling in wellbeing and security structures and looking into data on SLP. The months flew eventually time I had looked three months possessed passed and it was energy for the entire of year tens enlistment to work understanding, which was the fifth July. On this day we got a thirty-six-page work experience journal, which must be rounded out all through the situation time frame, which was help. Parts in the journal included individual subtleties, key abilities, self - appraisals, my aptitudes activity plan, my activity plan, a day by day record, talk with area and a section to compose a report toward the end, which Im presently doing. .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 , .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 .postImageUrl , .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 , .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7:hover , .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7:visited , .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7:active { border:0!important; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7:active , .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9145004c0d f34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9145004c0df34d95b9b407d6c96f31a7:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: 'Romeo and Juliet' - clarify why act one scene five is a defining moment in the play and what makes it so intriguing for the crowd EssayDuring the acceptance we needed to round out an area called My abilities activity plan and My activity plan, these areas were to state how you would rehearse key aptitudes and a section were you state what you need to pick up from work understanding. The enlistment went on for a morning. On Friday I likewise called Kara to perceive what time I began and completed, the occasions were 10am till 4pm. On the next Monday work experience started, I made a trip to Streatham slope for 10am, at the f orefront of my thoughts was to discover what makes this paper so great that individuals in South London pay 35p two times per week. The principal day was acceptable; it passed by at significant speed the same number of the staff was hurried of their feet as Monday was cutoff time day for tomorrow Tuesdays paper. One the Monday I was kept very occupied . I visited the structure, did the post, rode the web taking a gander at national week by week paper deals, planned a poll for a meeting later in the week, took a gander at past issues of the SLP. I likewise did different things like encompassing and the post. Anyway during the week things moved quicker and I took in a ton of new things, a lot of what I needed to realize. In spite of the fact that I took in a great deal, I likewise needed to do a ton administrator work which included recording, copying, encompassing ands heaps of giving out announcement pamphlets to each of the four stories. On occasion it got dreary; I realized it was a piece of work for everyone even the Series Editor. On the position I figured out how to honest mail, utilize the feeder on the printer and I figured out how to tie papers, I think took in these aptitudes since I delighted in. Encompassing was the undertaking I least delighted in, so adding salt to the injury. I did heaps of it. Toward the beginning of the situation I went over something normal of workplace, it occurred in the bathroom where the candy machines are, to young ladies came in and started bitching about different young ladies in the Tele Sales office and my manager took a gander at me and said that is run of the mill. Another entertaining time was the point at which I went out with the salesman Matt Best throughout the day we made a trip to Catford, Eltham and Charlton while heading to these areas he kept me snickering with his sexual innuendoes and his remarks to different drivers. On the arrival to SLP Kara revealed to me I went out with the most interesting man in the structure, which was valid. The remainder of the entertaining experiences went ahead the most recent day in the games work area, the three games writers Tobi (editorial manager) and Hasim and Chris (columnists) were kids about individuals from staff and lower alliance football crews came constantly. On my first day, Kara my director said it was significant that I meet the Series Editor, as this would edify me on how things are run in a situation like SLP. As this was the principal morning to set up the poll for Friday. She gave me papers and different Internet locales to help me in assembling a decent poll. The papers helped yet the Internet destinations I discovered were not exact enough on what I was searching for. The final product was a two pages with 17 inquiries in regards to different regions in news coverage and a vocation in reporting in media it took me a little more than two hours to finish at long last I was content with it. On Friday my meeting was delayed in view of lack of staff, so on Tuesday out of nowhere Kara allowed to do the meeting before I left on the Wednesday. As Hannah Walker the Series Editor was missing I met the agent Series proofreader Shujual Azam. He was extremely ready to address every one of my inquiries, I discovered he prefers the part of news coverage and yet he disdains the administrator. I likewise asked what number of individuals are under the care of him in SLP, he stated, Sub editors, advancements, sports writers. During my meeting I asked him what he accomplished through his vocation he said a great deal things, a generously compensated activity and

Marketing Mix and 4Ps How to Effectively Position Your Market Offering

Marketing Mix and 4Ps How to Effectively Position Your Market Offering What is the one thing that intrigues consumers to engage with a business right before going out to buy their products and services?Great marketing never happens by chance and it isn’t an easy task to accomplish either.Imagine cooking a delicious meal. In order for the dish to come out right, the cook has to hit the right balance between the ingredients that are to be used for the recipe and methods of preparation according to the recipe.Any mishap, for instance, adding a tablespoon of salt instead if a pinch could ruin the entire dish.Similarly, a business has to have the appropriate branding know-how as well as employ the right advertising techniques to deliver the most optimal marketing campaign for their target audience.But unlike cooking a meal, it takes months or even years of considerable effort for their marketing strategies to finally pay off.Of course, putting in the right elements is challenging, but a framework or marketing mix may help clarify what you need to do and wh ere you should focus your sights on.WHAT DO WE KNOW OF THE MARKETING MIX? In 1953, “Marketing mix” is a term that was coined over 60 years ago by professor Neil Borden to the American Marketing Association (AMA) in his presidential address.The marketing mix is typically a set of various factors that influence a consumer’s decision to purchase and use a product or service.This refers to the 4Ps of marketing; product, price, promotion, and place.Businesses can use these four factors to a certain degree.Once a firm learns how to make use of them strategically, they can produce the desired behaviors from target audiences whether it is signing up as a subscriber or purchasing a product.What’s more is that marketing mix also helps businesses get a better understanding of their product and service offerings as well as come up with the finest ways to plan for a marketing strategy and a successful launch.THE 4Ps OF MARKETINGSeven years after Borden’s speech, the 4Ps of marketing w as created by marketing professor E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960.It is a framework used by businesses and marketers when designing strategies and campaigns to promote their goods and services.Instead of taking the organic route, as in, waiting for people to notice you one day (which could be a very long time), you can shorten the gap and also boost conversions with a framework. Each of the Ps in the 4Ps model is elemental in influencing a consumer’s decision-making process.1.  Product Product refers to not just the goods and/or services that a business offers to their target audience, but also the experience that consumers have with those goods and services.This P essentially provides answers to the following questions:What is it that makes customers choose your product over others?What kinds of problems does it solve? Why do people find your goods and/or services attractive?There could be a series of underlying elements for the last question.For instance, customers could be attracted to a product’s packaging, name, quality, features, design, ease-of-use, or support.Sure the payment is for the physical product, but the purchase itself is influenced by the whole buying experience.In fact, all of the elements in the 4Ps model are centered around the customer.But to conduct a successful sale, it is crucial for a business to know who their audience is and what they care about.Besides that, you have to create buyer personas, conduct customer research and learn as much about your current and potential customer base as you can.All of these details can help you make decisions that are able to appeal to and resonate within your target audiences.2.  PriceYou don’t want to price your products and/or services that are too high or too low for your customers. If the price is too high, people may assume you’re being greedy.But if the price is too low, people may assume that the good or service isn’t very effective.You’ll find it pretty hard to make a sale, especially if you’re a new company and people don’t know who you are or what you sell.Fortunately, businesses employ a number of pricing strategies to increase their selling chances, including subscription, bundle, economy, competitive, discount and psychological pricing.You may have noticed that at grocery stores, generic food brands have lower prices than name-brands. This is what’s called economy pricing.There are even prices with odd decimals, such as “53.99” or “3.97” that are usually seen at department stores.This is called psychological pricing which is done to convince people that a product is less expensive. It’s also commonly practiced in auto sales.More importantly, the strategy you opt for has to be based on the value of your product, the cost of production and distribution, consumer demand and competitive landscape.The price can even be greatly influenced by your consumers.But you have to price your products realistically. If, let’s say your target market is in the middle-income bracket, then charging $900+ for a handbag is impractical.3.  PromotionPromotion refers to telling people about your products and services. It covers every aspect and tactic of communication that can help you get the word out.In case you’re wondering, promotion isn’t interchangeable with marketing. Promotion focuses on how you communicate your product or service to your audience.Not only does it cover the entire marketing function, but it also addresses the sales process and other areas including advertising and public relations.But the whole point of promotion isn’t just to sell a product (even though that is one of the more crucial functions of a business).Before you can even come to the transaction part, it is vital for you to inform people about the kind of products and services you sell, the kinds of problems they solve and why they are worth buying.Having a good looking product helps, but the main takeaway of a promotion is to ensure that it solves the specific need of your customer.During the promotional stage, you have to ensure that your message is both clear and tailored to your target audience.Inform them about the features that come with your products and services and how they are beneficial.Some of the questions that you must ask yourself include:What differentiates your business from your competitors?Does it provide products of high quality at lower prices? Does your company offer a faster service and more flexibility?If you want your promotional message to get across and attract potential customers, you have to include those differentiators in order to set yourself apart from your rivals.When keeping your audience as the focal point of your promotion, you will know which channel to use to get the word out.Also, keep these questions in mind when developing promotional messages to your customers:What types of content do customers consume on a daily basis?Where are they situated? What times of the day are they consuming the most content?Here are some of the most common channels that businesses use for promotional purposes:PodcastsWord-of-mouthSocial mediaPress releasesEmailPublic relationsTelevision adsPrintPay-per-click (PPC) ads4.  PlacePlace refers to the distribution of your company’s products. It answers how customers will be able to find and purchase your goods and services as well as whether it will be sold at retail stores or exclusively online.The two most common distribution channels include direct sales and wholesalers.If, for instance, you operate a local retail business, then it is likely you will use direct sales at your location. You can also choose to offer some items online.But whether in-store or online, you are the main contact who manages and shapes the overall customer experience.The second option for businesses to sell their goods and services is through a reseller or a wholesaler.If you’re selling stuff through Walmart or Amazon, then you fit the category.One great advantage of working with a wholesaler is that they usually have a wider distribution network and a larger customer-base.But even though it’s possible to reach out to more customers, you may also lose some of that customer connection that comes with direct sales.Aside from that, it can also be an extremely difficult and lengthy process to reach a deal with a bigtime wholesaler like Walmart.Another thing is that if your business doesn’t have a consistent supply of products all year, then intermediary sales is not the right place for it.But if your business includes sales or products that are seasonal or available for a limited time only, then direct sales are better option.When planning a marketing strategy, there’s a considerable difference between knowing the framework and then having to put it into practice.Here’s a step-by-step process on what you should be doing:MARKETING STRATEGY TEMPLATENow that you understand what the model is, the next thing to do is to use it.To do that, you first need to have a solid understanding of your target market, or your ideal customer.Define Your Target AudienceIf you have already worked out the ideal customer for your goods and services, you have to describe them as well.Consider the following information:AgeSocioeconomic statusLocationGenderEducation levelHobbies and interestsProfession or industry they are inCommon problems they faceOther identifying characteristicsWhen you’ve developed a clear understanding of the kind of target audience you’re aiming for, you can begin developing the 4Ps of marketing, starting with product.What are Your Products and Benefits?The first thing you should do for your strategy is to describe your products and services as well as the qualities and benefits that come with them and your company.Other details to touch upon are:QualityPackaging and DesignFeaturesFunctionalityWarranties (If there are any.)Consider Toggle as an exampleMain Features:  Time-trackingReportingProject managementTeam ma nagementIntegrationsSupportFunctions:Manage individual and team projectsAble to track work online and offlineView billable hours and generate reportsAssess and improve productivityPackaging and Design:Since Toggl is a digital app, it doesn’t have a physical product packaging. Though it does have a simple design and a user interface.Just like that, you have to describe your own products and services using these parameters. After that, you can compare these product qualities with those of your competitors.You will then be able to identify one or two benefits of your product that are better than your competitors and have their customers coming over to you potentially or eventually.Some of Toggle’s main highlights include:Accurate and honest client billing processBetter internal resource planning for businessesIncreasing productivity by making work time more focusedYour product can have a number of benefits, but you should focus more on the ones that are both unique and help you sta nd out from your competitors.Select the Right PricePricing products can be really tricky game. If let’s say, you’re a reseller, you can use the manufacturer’s suggested retail price as a basis.But if your product is made completely by your own hands, then you have to consider a couple of factors.To set a price for your products and services, answer the following questions:What is your revenue goal?How much money are you expecting to make?How much would my target audience be willing to pay?What are your overhead costs?What price rates do your competitors charge?What is a typical price for the industry?What are the ideal production and distribution costs per unit?Apart from the amount, you need to determine the frequency that you will charge your customers and the kind of pricing strategy you’re going to use.For example, Toggl uses monthly subscription pricing, which is based on the number of users and the size of the business.Though most organizations are fine with the linear Waterfall PM strategy, some managers in certain fields find it to be quite restricting.If they plan only at the beginning of the project, they will lose the advantage of the knowledge and experience that they gain while completing it.The subscription model is comparable to other freelancer and enterprise apps in the market, but is still competitively priced.Promotion and SalesThe first thing to consider for promotion is the best way for you to market and sell your product.Since toggl is an online app, the manufacturers are able to focus on digital sales straight from their site.But if you want to interact with customers in-person, then you have to have a physical location.For example, a beauty spa or a hair salon needs a store location in order to conduct their business.You have to research whatever your competitors are up to as you are likely targeting the same demographic as well as using the same channels as they are.In this case, the only way to differentiate yourself from them is how you communicate with your audience.The next step is to consider the best way to reach out to your customers.If your audience is, for example, people over the age of 50-60, you may not have as much success in promoting your products and services on Facebook, Twitter, SnapChat or Instagram.Instead, you can reach them more effectively by word-of-mouth, television or print.But if your target audience members are the tech-savvy millennials, then social media is your go-to option.If you use all of the above methods effectively, the 4Ps model can efficiently guide and direct your marketing and business strategies.They can help both businesses and marketers learn more about the needs and buying behaviors of their customers.Even though the marketing mix and 4Ps model has been around for decades, they aren’t completely flawless.With that in mind, there are some limitations and criticisms that you should be aware of when applying this model.WEAKNESSES OF THE MARKETING MIXThe 4Ps of t he marketing mix have several weaknesses in which they leave out or underemphasize a couple of important marketing activities.For instance, services are not overtly mentioned, although they can be categorized as products (like service products).Other marketing activities (like packaging) are not specifically mentioned but are placed in one of the 4Ps.Another major problem is that the 4Ps focus on the seller’s view of the market when it is the buyer’s view that should be focused on the most.

11 Poems Everyone Should Know Chosen

Being The Back Bone And Mentor - 848 Words

Being the back bone and mentor to my younger brother has been challenging, but yet a fulfilling experience. I unintentionally became a mother figure to him. Over the years, I have learned to accept this and I ask that God continue to guide me daily. It all started at the age of seven years old. My young mother was a single parent to myself and my twelve year old sister. My mother married my wonderful stepfather, in whom he was fourteen years her senior. Our family became blended due to my stepfather having sole custody of his two year old son, Jamaal. He is most commonly known as Jay. Jay was a beautiful brown baby boy with big brown eyes and curly locks. He never whined, or cried for anything. He was just a very sweet and humble child. His humbleness touched my heart in the biggest way. He never cried for his mother, but I could sense his emptiness and sadness that never seemed to go away. Jay’s mother had become a drug addict. She could no longer care for him. My instant adoration for him quickly shaped me into nurturing and supporting him. I was only five years older than Jay, but I became his caregiver. I became his surrogate mother. My mother and stepfather were parents to him, but they both worked full time jobs. My mother worked in the healthcare field at night and my stepfather drove eighteen wheeler trucks regionally. While my parents worked odd hours, it became quite natural for me to do absolutely everything for Jay. I bathed him, feed him andShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech About Organ Donation1369 Words   |  6 Pagesorgans are. For example, did you know that in order for you to be recognized as a valid donor you must sign the back of your license? The amount of knowledge that the general public has about organ donation is very low compared to what needs to be known. 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Chances are, the answer to these questions should be â€Å"no†. However, a small little boy growing up in Africa during the mid-1990s can probably describe every single tortuous day that he went through in this situation. His name is Peekay, and he is theRead MoreInterview Richard Weintraub For My Leader Interview1726 Words   |  7 Pagesthink you have to approach leadership carefully so that your followers have an appreciation for who you are and what you are trying to accomplish. He also said it is quite easy to abuse power if your position in leadership is not carefully maintained. Being a servant means to put others needs in front of your own, which is something Rick echoed throughout our interview together. 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Night Creature Hunter’s Moon Chapter 35 Free Essays

â€Å"I’ve got to go,† I said. I took one step toward the door and fell to my knees as the room became a forest again. Damp earth seeped through my pants legs, chilling my skin. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 35 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The air was musty. I smelled moss. In the distance a wolf howled. I lifted my mouth to call out†¦ And ended up coughing, choking, in Damien’s arms. â€Å"I don’t think you’re going anywhere.† â€Å"Stop me.† â€Å"No problem.† He scooped me up again and took me into the bathroom, where he dumped me onto the toilet seat. â€Å"I’m cleaning that wound, and I’m calling a doctor.† â€Å"Damien, it won’t do any good. You and I both know that.† He hung his head. â€Å"Just let me clean it then. OK?† â€Å"If I do, will you let me find Jessie?† â€Å"No. But I will.† I glanced into his eyes. This was the best deal I was going to get. I yanked the pillowcase bandage off my arm. â€Å"Knock yourself out.† His smile was the same smile I’d come to love. Sweet, sad, infinitely beautiful. I was going to miss him. My arm was bloody and gaping, made me nauseous just to look at it. I turned away, and he dampened a cloth and began to wash away the gore. After a few minutes Damien made an impatient sound. â€Å"This isn’t going to do any good, Leigh. It just keeps bleeding.† I resisted the urge to say, Told you so. â€Å"Bandage me up again.† â€Å"You need stitches.† â€Å"Stitch me.† â€Å"I’ll make a mess, a scar.† I lifted a brow. â€Å"A scar? Oh, no. I shiver. I shudder. That would be such a shame.† He ran a hand over his face, leaving a trail of my blood across his cheek. â€Å"Forget it,† I said. â€Å"It’s not going to make a difference in another day anyway.† â€Å"That’s right.† He straightened. â€Å"You’ll heal.† I wouldn’t. But once again, he didn’t need to know that. â€Å"Which reminds me, why doesn’t Hector’s tattoo heal?† â€Å"He has a tattoo? Like Cowboy?† â€Å"Obviously, since they’re the same person.† â€Å"Which makes no sense.† â€Å"You’d be surprised.† I didn’t have the energy or the time to explain super-duper shape-shifting powers, even if I could. â€Å"But the wolf morphing into the crow made no sense, either,† he murmured. â€Å"Getting back to the tattoo?† I reminded him as he used a towel to bind my arm. â€Å"What? Oh. That’s easy. You stay the way you were when you were made a wolf. If†¦ Was it Hector?† I nodded. â€Å"If he had a tattoo when he became a werewolf, he’ll have one forever. Any injury after that will heal.† Damien pointed to his thigh and I remembered the thin white scar that marred his nearly perfect flesh. â€Å"I got that as a kid. It’ll never go away.† This was all news to me. Why didn’t we know this in the J-S society? Because we didn’t stop to ask questions before we shot them, and maybe that wasn’t so bright. â€Å"But what about this?† I lifted my bandaged arm. â€Å"Happened before I became a werewolf.† â€Å"The wound that infected you with the virus will heal.† â€Å"Convenient.† â€Å"Can you imagine people walking around with their throats ripped out? It isn’t pretty.† I’d wondered when I first became a Jager-Sucher how people with kill wounds could heal. There was a simple, disgusting explanation. People were food. If a werewolf ate you, you died. If he nibbled but didn’t snack, you got to be one of them. â€Å"What about diseases?† I pressed. â€Å"They’ll heal, because you still have them after you’re a werewolf. At least until you shift the first time.† â€Å"But not scars?† â€Å"Sorry, Leigh.† He thought I was worried about my back. I hadn’t even considered it. Guess I got to keep the scar. Oh, boy. â€Å"Who is Hector?† he asked. â€Å"Cowboy.† â€Å"No, who is he to you?† I lifted my eyes. Sympathy shone in his, caring, under-standing, love. How could he love me? Because he didn’t know. â€Å"I had sex with him,† I blurted. â€Å"I saw him, wanted him, took him. Then he sacrificed everyone I loved so he could become like you.† Damien frowned. I waited for the recriminations, the disgust. Instead he murmured, â€Å"Interesting.† â€Å"Interesting? Is that all you can say?† â€Å"I didn’t know someone could become a werewolf without being bitten.† â€Å"You’d be surprised what you don’t know.† The door to my apartment banged open. Jessie and Will spilled into the room, Jessie shouting my name and cursing. I was so damn glad to see them alive, I didn’t hear what they were saying. I got off the toilet and inched past Damien. As I went by, his palm slid along my good arm in a gentle, reassuring touch. My fingers clung to his for just an instant and it was good. â€Å"I’m here,† I said. They both went silent as if I’d thrown a switch, staring at me as if I were a ghost. â€Å"Thank God,† she breathed. â€Å"I thought we were too late.† â€Å"Too late for what?† â€Å"We talked to Cora. He has to – â€Å" â€Å"Make me a werewolf before the full moon.† Jessie shut her mouth, tilted her head. â€Å"How did you know that?† â€Å"He told me.† I lifted my bandaged arm. She drew her gun and pointed it at my head. I smiled. â€Å"I knew you were the best friend I ever had.† Damien barreled out of the bathroom and shoved me behind him. My hero. â€Å"What the hell?† he asked. â€Å"Get lost,† Jessie snapped. â€Å"I don’t think I will. This is murder, Sheriff.† â€Å"It’s none of your business, Fitzgerald. Get out of my way.† â€Å"Jess.† Will spoke for the first time. â€Å"Maybe you should call in before you make any rash decisions.† Indecision flickered over her face. â€Å"You can always shoot her after she grows a tail,† Damien murmured. I kicked him in the leg. He ignored me. â€Å"You told him?† Jessie demanded. I shrugged and didn’t answer. â€Å"Jeez, Leigh, he’s a civilian.† â€Å"So was Cadotte, once upon a time.† â€Å"Got you there,† Will said. â€Å"Shut up.† Jessie’s answer to everything. She still pointed her gun at Damien. I didn’t like it. She had silver in that gun. I tried to slide around him, but he shoved me right back. â€Å"Without her, he can’t become the supreme alpha,† Jessie argued. â€Å"Wolves mate for life.† â€Å"What does that have to do with anything?† Damien asked. â€Å"Thought you knew it all.† â€Å"I know werewolves exist. I haven’t gotten the details on what you’re up against.† Will filled him in as I fought a sudden craving for raw steak. â€Å"It seems to me,† Damien murmured, â€Å"that you have Hector at a disadvantage.† â€Å"How so?† Jessie asked. â€Å"Leigh can get close to him. He’ll trust her.† Jessie and Will both turned to me. â€Å"He’s right.† Jessie holstered her gun. â€Å"I guess I can always shoot you later.† â€Å"Yeah, look at the bright side.† I pushed past Damien and moved farther into the room. â€Å"Hector plans to use Damien for his sacrifice.† Damien frowned, blinked, then shrugged. â€Å"Let him try.† â€Å"You need to protect him, Jessie.† â€Å"I don’t need anyone to protect me,† Damien protested. â€Å"I can take care of myself.† Jessie ignored him. â€Å"We could always shoot him before they kill him.† â€Å"Would you quit with the shooting?† I said. â€Å"Sacrifice is sacrifice. He doesn’t necessarily need Damien. He just wants him.† â€Å"Because?† â€Å"He touched me.† Jessie glanced at Damien. â€Å"She’s worth it,† he said. Her gaze went shrewd, and she turned her attention to me with a lift of her brow. I shook my head. I wasn’t going to discuss my feelings for Damien. Not now. F’robably not ever. â€Å"Hector told me you and Will wouldn’t make it back from Cora’s.† â€Å"We almost didn’t,† Will muttered. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"My car is kind of like yours now.† â€Å"They attacked.† â€Å"When we were halfway between Cora’s and home. Thankfully Jessie brought a lot of guns and even more ammo.† She patted her Magnum. â€Å"Pays to be prepared.† â€Å"A regular Boy Scout,† I agreed. â€Å"We left quite a few dead ones behind.† â€Å"You didn’t burn them?† â€Å"We didn’t want to get out of the car. There were more waiting.† I nodded. â€Å"Did you happen to see a crow?† Will frowned. â€Å"It settled on the kills. Started pecking. Scavenger.† â€Å"That was Hector.† Jessie and Will exchanged glances. â€Å"You’d better tell us everything,† he urged. When I was through, Will murmured, â€Å"Not good.† He spread his hands. â€Å"But hey, if this job were easy, everyone would do it.† That startled a laugh out of me. â€Å"Mandenauer?† My head whipped around. Jessie held the cell phone to her ear. â€Å"You’d better get to Crow Valley. Leigh’s been bitten.† She listened for an instant, then hung up. â€Å"Dammit, Jessie, you’ll only upset him. What can he do?† â€Å"I guess we’re gonna find out. Because he’s on his way, and he’s bringing Dr. Hanover.† How to cite Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 35, Essay examples

Judaism Essays (494 words) - Jewish Holy Days, Hanukkah,

Judaism Judiasm Judaism is all over the world. You can find Jewish people in many countries. They speak different languages and may be of any color. Anybody whose mother is a Jew is considered to be Jewish. Jewish history began over four thousand years ago in the Middle east. This religion is the oldest type of monotheism. The founder, Abraham, lived near Ur. He heard a message from god to move his people to Canaan, which was the Promised Land. People that moved there became known as the Hebrews. Jews have both a Hebrew name and an ordinary name. The Hebrew name is used in the Synagogue and religious documents. The Synagogue is house of prayer, study, and a community center. The Hebrew word for Synagogue is Beth Ha Knesset meaning house of meeting or assembly. The central feature of the Synagogue is the Ark, which houses the scrolls of the Torah. A baby boy is given his name when his eight days old. When boys turn thirteen, they are considered to be adults, and become responsible for the irreligious duties. There are three daily prayer sessions evening, morning, and afternoon. Whenever possible the prayers should be saidat public services but praying at home or somewhere else is just as good. One tradition says that everyone should say a hundred blessings each day and some prayers must be said three times a day while others must be said twice. Jewish people believe in Sabbath, Sabbath is a day for rest for them. Sabbath begins shortly after sunset on friday evening and ends late on Saturday night. They do not drive on Fridays or Saturdays because of the Sabbath. Many Jewish holidays commemorate events invested with historical and religious meaning. Hanukkah commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem after its desecration by foreign forces. The celebration also reaffirms the continuing struggle to live by commandments and lead Jewish lives. For eight days, Hanukkah candles shine in the window to brighten the night. Family and friends come to help light candles in the Hanukkah(menorah), to eat latkes (pancakes), sufganiyot (doughnuts) and play games ofdreidal. Presents are exchanged, songs are sung, and the story is told of brave, stubborn Judah Maccabee. Jewish people only eat kosher foods. Only those animal which both chew the cud and are clove footed such as cows and sheep can beaten. Pigs, rabbits and horses are forbidden. Fish must have both fins and scales such as salmon, tout and haddock. Those, which do not such as shellfish and eels, must not be eaten. Special regulations govern the method by which an animal or bird is slaughtered for consumption.. Any defects which would lead the animal or birds natural death with in a year because its to be considered not kosher. Some eyes of defects would be lesions or tumors in its internal organs. Other examples would be broken or shattered bones and even missing limbs. Bibliography jews- a look at history Religion Essays

Possessive or Genitive Case Definition and Examples

Possessive or Genitive Case Definition and Examples Also Known As: possessive determiner, genitive case, second case In English grammar, possessive case is the case (or function) of an inflected form of a noun (Santas, the bosss) showing ownership, measurement, or source. In addition to the -s ending (a clitic), the possessive can be expressed with of, particularly when the possessor is not alive (the top floor of the building, the base of the statue). Possessive case also refers to a type of pronoun (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs) or determiner (my, your, his, her, its, our, their) that indicates ownership, measurement, or source. (Note that his and its function as both pronouns and determiners.) Examples and Observations I will not hide the teachers Prozac.(Bart Simpson, The Simpsons)People who have given us their complete confidence believe that they have a right to ours. The inference is false: a gift confers no rights.(Friedrich Nietzsche)Parents can only give good advice or put them on the right paths, but the final forming of a persons character lies in their own hands.(Anne Frank)The winners edge is all in the attitude, not aptitude.(Denis Waitley)An Englishmans way of speaking absolutely classifies him.(Alan Jay Lerner)What precedes the possessive ending need not be a single-word compound but can be a phrase, as in my neighbor next doors dog, or even a clause, as in a woman I knows niece. (Laurel J. Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) Possessives Before Gerunds In your writing, when a pronoun appears before a gerund (an -ing verbal used as a noun), use the possessive case. We have tasted their cooking. In this example, cooking is used as a noun and is the direct object of have tasted. If a pronoun appears before a participle, use the objective case. We have watched them cooking. In this second example, cooking is used as a participle to describe them. (Robert DiYanni and Pat C. Hoy, The Scribner Handbook for Writers, 3rd ed. Allyn and Bacon, 2001) The Decline of the Possessive Apostrophe The apostrophe is the stepchild of English orthography. It is neither fish nor fowl, typographers convenience, nor true punctuation...The possessive apostrophe is a grammatical anomaly, a vestigial case marker- appropriately shaped like the human appendix- in a noun system that has otherwise dispensed with cases... Evidence of its demise is apparent in newspapers, on billboards, on menus. Our students, understandably confused, alternately abuse it and feel abused by it... ...Thus we may contemplate with relative equanimity the eventual loss- for such seems inevitable in time- of the possessive apostrophe. We may mourn its passing and, perhaps, armed with grammar texts and rules (poor weapons at best) prolong its stay for awhile. But we cannot, nor should we wish to, preserve it indefinitely. We would do well to recognize that the outrages perpetrated upon the apostrophe by our students reflect an increasingly common practice outside the classroom, and temper the insistence of our lessons... ...And, when all is said and done, the loss will not be a great one.(Elizabeth S. Sklar, The Possessive Apostrophe: The Development and Decline of a Crooked Mark. College English, October 1976) Possessive and Genitive The genitive has also been called the possessive, since one of its meanings has been to denote the possessor of what is referred to by the second noun phrase, as in The couples home. But possession has to be interpreted liberally if it is to cover many instances of the genitive and the of-phrase. In a liberal interpretation, we could count as possession any connections between the two nouns where the verbs possess or have can be used in a paraphrase; for example, family relationships: Toms son (the son that Tom has). Mexico Citys(Sidney Greenbaum, The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford Univ. Press, 1996) False Possessives The apostrophe generally should not be used after a word that is more descriptive than possessive, except for a plural not ending in s: Explorers Hall, Diners Club, the Department of Veterans Affairs, teachers college but teachers guide, St. Elizabeths Hospital, Teamsters Union, visitors center, childrens hospital. But the Ladies Home Journal, the National Governors Association.(The National Geographic Style Manual. National Geographic Society, 2012) The Lighter Side of Possessives Cartman: Give me back my kidney! Stan: Dude, please, Kyle needs it! Cartman: Its mine! Not yours, mine! Give it back right now or theres going to be Hell to pay!(Cherokee Hair Tampons. South Park, 2000) Danny Butterman: All right, Pete?Nicholas Angel: Do you know this man?Danny Butterman: Yeah. Hes Auntie Jackies sisters brothers boy.(Nick Frost and Simon Pegg, Hot Fuzz, 2007) My best friends sisters boyfriends brothers girlfriend heard from this guy who knows this kid whos going with the girl who saw Ferris pass out at 31 Flavors last night. I guess its pretty serious.(Kristy Swanson as Simone, Ferris Buellers Day Off, 1986)

How to Use Extra Credit Effectively

How to Use Extra Credit Effectively The use of extra credit can be an effective teaching and learning tool in any content area classroom, but only if the extra credit is used in the correct manner. Generally, extra credit is offered to those students who want to bring up a GPA. Poor performance on a heavily weighted test or a paper or a project may have dropped a students overall grade. The opportunity for extra credit may be a motivational tool or a way to correct a misjudgment or miscommunication.  However,  if used incorrectly or inequitably, extra credit can also be a point of contention and a headache for the teacher.  Therefore, a teacher should take time to look at an offer for extra credit critically and consider the implications it may have for grading and assessment.   Pros of Using Extra Credit An extra credit assignment may provide students with an incentive to go above and beyond the class material. If it is used to enhance lessons, the offer for extra credit can help deepen the learning for students. It can also help struggling students by providing them with additional learning opportunities while allowing them a means to increase their grade. The extra credit may mirror the original assignment, be an alternative test, paper or project. There may be a section of an assessment that can be taken again or the student may suggest an alternative assignment.   Extra credit may also be in the form of revision. The process of revision, especially in writing assignments, can be used as a way to teach students to reflect on their progress and abilities in writing and take steps to strengthen it. Revision may serve to establish conferences to receive highly beneficial one-on-one attention. Rather than design new extra credit opportunities, a teacher should consider how he or she can reinforce the skills to improve student performance on a previously graded assignment.   Another method for extra credit is to give students a bonus question(s) on a quiz or test. There may be an option to answer an additional essay question or solve an additional word problem.   If extra credit is allowed, teachers may adopt the kinds of the assignments that are voluntary extra credit must still be assessed just as rigorously as the assessments for regular coursework. Perhaps there are extra credit opportunities that allow students to try extended activities such as inquiry projects based on  questions, problems, or scenarios. Students may choose to volunteer in the school community or in the community at large. By allowing the student the opportunity to choose how they will earn extra credit points could be a way to give them control over their academic achievement. After checking school policy, if you wish to offer extra credit in your class, you will need to make sure of the following: Do connect your extra credit to other lessons in class or to classroom pertinent current events.Do provide the same extra credit opportunities to all students.Do consider your grading time when assigning extra credit.Do make extra credit assignments interesting and pertinent for students.Do tell your students when you assign extra credit how much it will be worth and how you will grade it.Do make sure that you are not outweighing your required assignments with points for extra credit.Do set a clear deadline for when extra credit is due. Cons of Using Extra Credit On the other hand, too many opportunities for extra credit in a course could result in an  imbalance in grading. Extra credit assignments could outweigh the required assignments, and the result could mean that a student would pass a course without meeting all the standards.  Extra credit that is graded for a â€Å"completion† grade can skew an overall grade. In the same vein, some educators believe that extra credit reduces the importance of curriculum assessments by providing students with a way to circumvent the curriculum. These students could avoid  requirements by still have the ability to increase their grade. Moreover, an extra credit assignment could boost a GPA, but obscure a students actual academic ability. There are also some schools that have a no extra credit rule in their policy handbook. There are some districts that want to eliminate the extra work a teacher has to do after assigning extra credit. Some general rules to consider are: Do not create extra credit assignments that are unconnected to your curriculum or standards.Do not grade each students extra credit using different standards.Do not create so much extra credit that students are able to pass without completing the required work.Do not make spur of the moment extra credit opportunities that are not equally available to all students.Do not allow busy work like copying from a book to be extra creditDo not allow students to turn in late extra credit as this is just an accounting nightmare.Do not create extra credit assignments that the educational value is not equivalent to the student or teacher effort involved.

U.S Response to Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

U.S Response to Terrorism - Research Paper Example In addition, doing a research about this subject will give me a chance to expand my knowledge and be up to date of the current events in the global environment. By working on this paper, my primary goal is to find better ways of defining and dealing with terrorism. This research report provides useful information about Terrorism where it discusses different ways of handling terrorist events, such as Boston booming. The research report consists of three major subtitles, created to engage the audiences and give a general idea of the content of each body paragraph. In the introduction, there will be a gnarl description and history of terrorism followed by the threats of domestic and international terrorism. Last but not least, I will provide some facts about U.S policy response to any terrorist threats followed by how I think they should response to these threats. My only hope after completing this report, the audience would have a better understanding of terrorism and realize how the w orld would be more peaceful if we used different strategies in dealing with terrorist threats. Sincerely, Aziz Almughyirah Aziz Almughyirah Table of Contents Table of Figures iv Abstract v INTRODUCTION 1 Description and History 1 Statement of Purpose 2 Target Audience 2 THE THREAT OF TERRORISM 2 Domestic vs. International 2 U.S. POLICY RESPONSE 3 Boston Booming 3 International Relations 3 DIFFERENT POINT OF VIEW 4 CONCLUSION 5 WORKS CITED Abstract Terrorism is a terminology that has being around since the existence of our kind. We as humans created terrorism from our shameful historical events where we failed to live in peace and decided to play the dominance role over each other. We sow the seed of fear in our souls, which became a barrier against our desire of peace. Our fears and doubts of others intents created an aggressive reaction against any threat or belief that could challenge our countries or its interests. Then, we apply direct or indirect pressure on the source of threa t, which create a fertile environment for many terrorist acts in lieu of eliminating the threat. These terrorist acts usually associated with four vectors of action, which are political, psychological, violent and deliberate. The main aspect of most terrorist acts is concentrated on political goals. When a society experiences some form of injustice for a long period of time where all efforts to bring justice are demolished, some form of violence starts to cut its way through in this oppressed society. If the concerned party does not take immediate action for the quest of reform, the violence could escalate to reach the political authority. The escalation of the situation can be extremely dangerous where it becomes out of control and terrorist acts trying to take the lead. Here is where the situation takes the opposite direction and different tactics. At that time, the terrorist groups work hardly to harness all the circumstances to their benefit where they support the insurgency and pave the way for guerrilla warfare. These terrorists would apply whatever it takes from offensive strategies, defensive measures and terrorist threats, which can have a severe psychological impact over that society or the region as whole for the purpose of achieving terrorism objectives. INTRODUCTION Description and History The idea of terrorism has been around since the creation of our kind where nations used to terrorize each

Reflection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection - Coursework Example These skills include professionalism, networking through social media and brand development. Having a good brand will enable me to sell my personal traits, skills and expertise to potential employers. I will use these skills to develop myself through learning how to sell my personality to the employers, thus enhancing my employability. I will also learn how to conduct myself during interviews and to develop some transferable skills, which include emotional intelligence at level one, self-responsibility at level two and leadership skills at level three (Cottrell 2010). Moreover, I also need to develop my professional skills in my area of training or specialization and do proper goal setting to create a focused target of my career growth and development. Finally, I need to perfect my role-playing skills. These skills enable me to know, understand and master my position in the business dynamics. For me to get a good job, learning presentation skills is important especially during interviews, and learning how to articulate complex information relating to my

Performance-Based Funding In Higher Education

Performance-Based Funding In Higher Education Performance-based funding in the context of Higher Education System: Pros and Cons Abstract Performance-Based Funding once very popular in 1980s. However, when more other funding approaches been found out, Performance-based Funding no more a mainstream funding approaches. Recently, this funding approach has back to the stage, especially in the educational field. In this paper will explain about the pros and cons of this funding approach in the context of higher education system in Malaysia. Keyword: Budgeting, Educational Funding, Higher Education, Performance-based funding 1. Introduction Performance-based funding is one of the funding approaches among numerous types of direct public funding of higher educational institution approaches. The other types of direct public funding of institution have funding of teaching through negotiated formula, demand-side vouchers, funding for specific purposes or combined funding for teaching and research, block grant funding and project funding zero-based budgeting, quality circle, six-sigma, and etc.(Salmi and Hauptman, 2006). Performance-based funding is the approach that budgeting based on the performance of individual public university. The performance of individual public university can be measure by using Performance Indicator, which is a set of specific expectation that need to be achieve by the public university. Examples of Performance Indicator are like student result or the number of student passing examination. 2. Main Body Performance-based Funding is currently in the progress of implementation by the Ministry of Education in Malaysia toward all the public university in Malaysia. Implementation of the Performance-based Funding has brings some advantages to both Ministry of Education and public university. In this paper, some of advantages will be shown in clearly and briefly. 2.1 Help in Save Budget First at all, Performance-based Funding can Malaysia Government to save budget. Budget always is a hot issue in Malaysia, not only the Ministry of Education but the whole Malaysia Federal Government. For example the Malaysia Budgeting 2015 that release on 10 October 2014, after the Budgeting Plan is release, many different voices are talking about this Budgeting Plan, some are appraisal, and some are critics. Under the pressure of critics, Performance-based Funding can help release part of the pressure by saving the budget in Educational Fund. According to the study of World Bank / EPU, Performance-based Funding could save up to thirty percent of the budge. In Malaysia Budgeting 2015, budget for Ministry of Education is RM 56 billion (National News Agency of Malaysia). Save up to 30 percent of the budget, which means is about RM 16.8 billion. A reducing of such big amount of budgeting can be a great counter attack toward all the critics from outside. 2.2 Resources Allocation Another advantage following saving budget will be resources allocation. Based on the same example on previous paragraph, Performance-based Funding could release about RM 16.8 billion of budget from the Ministry of Education. This unallocated budget can be uses in many different ways, such as increase allowance for the staff of university, as a reward for high performance university, increase loan to students and any other way that can further improve the quality of public university in Malaysia. Besides using the unallocated fund in Ministry of Education, the unallocated fund that free by Performance-based Funding can be uses in other Ministry or field in the purpose of developing the strengths and infrastructures in Malaysia, so that Malaysia can become a developed country in 2020. 2.3 Motivate University to Work Hard. The implementation of Performance-based Funding will not only bring advantages to the Ministry of Education or Malaysian Federal Government, it also brings advantages to the public university. Performance-based Funding will motivate the public university to work hard. The Performance-based Funding will budgeting an individual public university according to the performance of the university on the Performance Indicator. Hence, to get more fund or budget, university will do harder on improving their performance on the Performance Indicator, such as the CGPA of student, number of student get first class honors, number of student passing particular examination, and etc. These Performance Indicators will be set and measure by the Ministry of Education, so that the Ministry can funding and rewarding based on the achievement on these Performance Indicators. 2.4 Avoid Vicious Competition Another than motivate the university to work hard, Performance-based Funding will help avoid the vicious competition among public university. Competition can be a double-edge in an organization, a suitable level of competition among colleague can improve the performance of organization. However, when vicious competition occurs, it will bring bad effect toward the organization. Same case in public university, to get more budgets from the Ministry of Education, university competes with each other to attract the attention of the Ministry, so that the university can get more funds. In many times, this competition between public universities will become vicious competition; this will bring bad effect toward the development of Malaysia, and the staff and student will become the victims of this competition. This Performance-based Funding could avoid the vicious competition, the funding will based on the performance of the university. In this condition, university will focus more on the achievement on Performance Indicators, and the universities will not have time to compete with each other. In other word, compete with other university do not bring any help in improving the performance of university. 3. Discussion Same like other funding approaches; implement of Performance-based Funding will not only bring benefit, it will have some side effects or disadvantages. Some of the disadvantages will be discuss at here. 3.1 Performance Indicators One of the main disadvantages of Performance-based Funding is the standard of the Performance Indicators. Performance Indicator is the specific expectation that will set up by the Ministry of Education. However, the problem is what standard this Performance Indicator should follow; this is because each university has own standard, own level, own expert field, and most important different number of students due to geographical condition. This means, a single set of Performance Indicator cannot fulfill all the standard of university; but it take more time, cost and human forces to set up and measure specific Performance Indicator to every and each of the university. Besides that, setting up a set of Performance Indicator for university may affect the behavior and the decision making of the particular university. When there is a Performance Indicator, university will be more likely to focus on those Performance indicators. University strategies, planning, decision making may become aggressive in making achievement in the Performance Indicator and may ignore other aspect of Teaching and Learning Process within the university in the purpose of getting more budgets. 4. Conclusion In a nutshell, implement Performance-based Funding in the higher education system has pros and cons. However, this funding approach has more advantages as compare to the disadvantages. Hence, Performance-based Funding is suitable to implement in higher education system in Malaysia. 5. References Abd Rahman Ahmad, Alan Farley. (2013). Funding Reforms in Malaysian Public Universities from the Perspective of Strategic Planning. (pp. International Conference on Innovation, Management and Technology Research). Malaysia: Elsevier Ltd. Nicoline Frà ¸lich, Evanthia Kalpazidou Schmidt ,Maria J. Rosa. (2010). Funding systems for higher education and their impacts on institutional strategies and academia. International Journal of Educational Management. Reelika Irs and Kulno Tu ¨rk. (2012). Implementation of the performance-related pay in the general educational schools of Estonia. Employee Relations. Tam, M. (2014). Outcomes-based approach to quality assessment and curriculum improvement in higher education. Quality Assurance in Education.

Classical and Operant Conditioning

Classical and Operant Conditioning Classical conditioning is a basic form of learning in which one stimulus comes to serve as a signal for the occurrence of a second stimulus. During classical conditioning, organisms acquire information about the relations between various stimuli, not simple associations between them. (Psychology, pg. 170). In classical condition a stimulus, or a physical event capable of affecting behavior, that initially doesn’t elicit a particular response can obtain the capacity to elicit that response as a result of repeated pairing with a stimulus that can elicit a response.Classical conditioning became part of a careful study in the early twentieth century, when the Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov identified it as an important behavioral process. Pavlov started out his research focusing on the process of digestion in dogs. Along his research he noticed that the dogs from his studies often began to salivate when they saw or smelled food but before they even tasted it. Some of the dogs even salivated at sight of the pan where the food was kept, or at the sight of the person who usually brings the food. Pavlov said that the stimuli had somehow became signals for the food itself.The dogs had learned that when the signals were present, food would soon follow. Pavlov quickly recognized the potential importance of his observation and started shifting his research. His experiment started out with a neutral stimulus, or a stimulus that has no previous effect of salivation such as the bell. He rang the bell then immediately followed it by a second stimulus know to produce salivation, such as a dried meat powder that was placed directly in the dogs mouth. The meat powder is considered to be the unconditioned stimulus or UCS, because the ability to salivate was automatic and not learned.On the flipside the salivation of the dog to the meat powder is the unconditioned response or UCR. The bell now is termed the conditioned stimulus or CS beca use the ability for it to elicit saliva from the dog is dependent on being paired with the meat powder. Salvation in response to just the bell is called the conditioned response or CR. He found that if you ring the bell then give the god the meat powder soon or later the dog will start to salivate just to the ring of the bell without the meat powder even present.Extinction is the process in which you lose the ability to evoke conditioned response when it no longer is followed by a unconditioned stimulus. In the case of Pavlov’s dogs, extinction could occur if Pavlov kept ringing the bell and not following it up with the meat powder. This means the dog no longer salivates in response to the bell. If Pavlov keeps ringing the bell sometimes the dog might remember about the meat powder and salivate even though no meat powder is present. This is called reconditioning.This means the rapid recovery of a conditioned response (CR) to a conditioned stimulus (CS)- unconditioned stimulus (UCS) pairing. Let’s say Pavlov stops working with the dogs for several weeks because he is working on other research, then suddenly goes back to the dogs and rings the bell, the dogs should in theory then salivate due to a process called spontaneous recovery. This is the reappearance of a weakened conditioned response (CR) to a conditioned stimulus (CS) after an interval of time following extinction.If Pavlov was cooking something and the timer goes off making a ringing sound, the dogs most likely would salivate because of a process called stimulus generalization, or the tendency of stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus (CS) to evoke conditioned responses (CR). Through the process of stimulus discrimination, or the process by which organisms learn to respond to certain stimuli but not to others, the dogs will salivate to the ring of a bell but if the door bell rand they would not salivate because they discriminate and can tell the difference between the bell and the doo r bell.Psychology. about. com says that classical conditioning is used in everyday life by many dog trainers helping to train people’s pets. Some techniques are also helpful in the treatment of many phobias or anxiety problems. Teachers can apply classical conditioning in the classroom by creating a positive classroom environment to help students overcome anxiety or fear especially with classroom speeches. It helps to get the student relaxed instead of anxious. Operant conditioning is a process through which organisms learn to repeat behaviors that yield positive outcomes.In operant conditioning it is broken down into reinforcements and punishments. In the reinforcement part there are two reinforcers, positive and negative. A positive reinforcement is a stimulus that strengthens responses, and a negative reinforcement is a stimulus that strengthens responses that permit the organism to avoid or escape from their presence. An example of a positive reinforcement is when I broug ht home my report card in 6th grade and there were all A’s my mom and dad gave me 5 dollars for every A.The target behavior for that example would be the getting A’s and the positive reinforcement would be my parents giving me 5 dollars an A. An example of a negative reinforcement would be on a cold and dark morning your all snug and warm under your covers, and suddenly your alarm clack goes off across the room. Getting out of the warm bed is the last thing you want to do but the noise is intolerable. The target behavior is turning off the alarm, and the negative reinforcement is getting out of the warm bed in order to turn off the annoying alarm clock.The punishment section of operant conditioning is broken in half just about the same way. There is negative and positive punishment. In negative punishment, the rate if a behavior is weakened or decreased because the behavior is linked to the loss of potential reinforcements. An example of a negative punishment is in a k indergarten class a young boy lashes out and hits the teacher in the stomach with a pencil as he throws it. The teacher sentences him to 10 minutes in the time out corner. The target behavior is the lashing out and throwing the pencil.The negative punishment is the 10 minutes of isolation in the corner. In positive punishment, stimuli weaken responses that precede them. For example you are driving home from work at an excessive speed, About 25 mile per hour over the speed limit. As you go over the little hill you see a state trooper parked on the side of the highway with his radar gun pointed right at you. The next thing you know is the flashing lights are right behind you and pulling you over. You get a pretty hefty ticket for your speeding. After you pay your fine you always obey the speed limit signs.The target behavior in this example is the speeding and the positive punishment is the speeding ticket you receive for speeding. B. F. Skinner is known as the father of operant condi tioning. He invented a box called the Skinner box where a rat is trapped inside with a lever. Every time the rat presses the lever it receives a food pellet. Shaping might have to be used in order to get the rat to press the lever. Shaping is a technique in which closer and closer approximations to desired behavior are required for the delivery of positive reinforcement.Basically this means Skinner might have had to shock the rat’s feet when the rat started going the wrong way. That way it will remember to not go that way. When it finally presses the lever the food pellet drops and it works as a positive reinforcement because if the rat got a food pellet from pressing the lever maybe he will do in again and remember that whenever you press the lever you get rewarded with a food pellet. There are many different schedules of reinforcement you can follow. A schedule of reinforcement is rules determining when and how reinforcements will be delivered.A continuous reinforcement sch edule is a schedule in which every occurrence of a particular behavior is reinforced. A fixed interval schedule is a schedule of reinforcement in which a specific interval of time must elapse before a response will yield reinforcement. There is also variable-interval schedule which is a schedule in which a variable amount of time must elapse before a response will yield reinforcement. A fixed ratio schedule occurs only after a fixed number of responses have been emitted.Variable-ratio schedules are delivered after a variable number of responses have been performed. The last is a concurrent schedule of reinforcement. It is situations in which two or more behaviors each have its own reinforcement schedule and are simultaneously available. Works Cited * Baron, Robert A. Psychology (With Mind Matters CD-ROM). Danbury: Allyn & Bacon, Incorporated, 2000. * â€Å"Classical Conditioning – Introduction to Classical Conditioning. † Psychology – Student Resources – Psychology Articles. 06 Jan. 2009 . * Plotnik, Rod, Haig Kouyoumdjian, Dennis Coon, and John O. Mitterer. Introduction to Psychology 1505. Cincinnati State Technical & Community College. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning, 2008. * Skinner, Burrhus F. About Behaviorism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. , 1974. * Staddon, John. The New Behaviorism : Mind, Mechanism and Society. New York: Psychology P, 2000. * Wade, Carole, and Carol Tavris. Psychology. New York: Addison-Wesley Longman, Limited, 1996. * Watson, John B. Behaviorism. New York: The People's Institute Company, Inc. , 1924.

The End of Functionalism in the Family Essay Samples

The End of Functionalism in the Family Essay Samples The difference between both is called surplus value. Sociological model believes that health and illness are due to factors beyond the physiological changes within the body. Among the strengths of Functionalism is it asserts there are purposes for social conditions or facts. A perception of health or mental health isn't only defined within the health care context, but it's also defined by the individual within a sociocultural context that includes family and social network together with a large assortment of possible providers. The very wellness and future of the community is dependent on the thriving endurance of these vows. The problems that lots of families experience reflect how they live in poverty or close to poverty. Last, the health process is hit hard by unemployment particularly with the drop in bulk billing. Particularly significant in key defined institutions like economy, family members, media, etc.. A Sec ret Weapon for Functionalism in the Family Essay Samples The main purpose of functionalists was to figure out why humans feel, think and behave how they do. If the purpose of public health isn't at its optimal operation, diseases like HIV and AIDS will continue to eradicate human population and boost the mortality rate. For instance, it is widely believed that adopted persons are somewhat more inclined to be troubled than their nonadopted counterparts. According to functionalism, an institution only exists as it serves a crucial part in the operation of society. Sociologists also have studied the consequences of homosexuality on parenting to comprehend the effect of this form of romantic parental relationship on children. The theories impact the views of the society to the family in various ways. Criticisms Marxists ignore different structures of families which are observed in the modern society and with this the various roles within the family. It's really important to have the ability to criticise the perspectives. In order to acquire a clearer idea of the circumstance, both perspectives want to get examined. The Basic Facts of Functionalism in the Family Essay Samples The functions that it performs will be contingent on the requirements of society. By way of example, any crime and deviance is dealt with in order to defend the social system. It can incorporate the operation of mental practice. Members of the system are predicted to react to each other in a particular way based on their role (GenoPro.com). Functionalists regard society for a system composed of unique parts which depend on each other. This means that the system is not going to permit somebody who could be sensible or motivated as the wealthy to attain similar class. Each family member is a part of the puzzle and have to remain in their position for the social structure of the family to keep integrity (Howe, 2012). Following that, the notion of standard family evolved. This is called the cereal packet family'. On the other hand, the expression household denotes the family's living arrangement with one another. Husbands usually earn more income than wives, and numerous men continue to feel they are the head of their families. Wives on the opposite hand have an expressive role where they're anticipated to emotionally support their husbands and kids . Finally, the relatives receive nurturing and un-conditional love and attention from the mother. You only have to be grateful for the excellent family you've got. Contributing what they must offer to families and households is something which functionalists seem to do in a number of means. The standard family is likewise an inequitable structure for women and kids. My family taught me the best way to make moral decisions in my personal life, how to develop into an unaffiliated individual in society and the way to control a family of my own. In the majority of societies the family is the important unit by which socialization occurs. It is an important aspect of the social system. Each family has unique representation something which makes it stand out. With FreeEssayHelp you'll find hundreds of Functionalism essay topics in a matter of many seconds. You should be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and can get the best arguments to show your thesis. If you are searching for top essay writing companies, try out the mentioned above. There are several essay writing services that think they're the very best, and therefore don't be cheated and check the real list of the very best. Cost-free Functionalism essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Still, every one of them would show up in the overall list. This approach wasn't the work of a single individual. This website uses Akismet to lower spam. As an example, in the instance of one mother, the grade of the child-rearing cannot simply be dismissed since there isn't a father around to do his traditional portion of parenting. Tough love proved to be a significant problem in their circumstance. Merton, for instance, criticises Parsons by stating that we cannot assume society is almost always a smooth-running, well-integrated system. The issue of identity crisis is the maint point that's noticeable through the entire story.

Where There Is a Will There Is a Way - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 698 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/09/21 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Civilization Essay Did you like this example? Will is a power that can move even mountains. In simple words we may call it determination. The proverb which forms the subject of this essay, emphasis’s the importance of will or determination. It means that a man of determination can do what he likes. By the power of will he can have his way in everything. Ifs and buts are the mutterings of weakness, for all difficulties vanish when confronted with will-force, as do thieves when boldly faced. Even a cursory study of the history of human civilization tells us that all great things have always been achieved by men of will. Great men become great because from childhood onward they had willed to be great. The notable achievements of science, art and literature are all the result of endeavors of men of will who worked against heavy odds to achieve their goals. A few examples would suffice to drive the point home. Columbus could discover America only because he stood firm lode rock against all the storms of difficulties that threatened him. Nothing could deter him from the path that he had chosen for himself. Mr. nd Madam Curie could discover Radium- a great boon to humanity-only because they were persons of will, prepared to lay down even their lives in the pursuit of their ideal. Great conquerors, like Napoleon or Hitler, were all men of determination whose will force carried everything before it. Coming nearer home, we get the inspiring example of Hillary and Tenzing whom, not even all the dangers of high altitudes could weaken in their resolve to reach the top of Everest. Urged by immense will-force, Gandhiji demonstrated to the conclusively showed that it is will that counts and not the physical might. While men of will can have their way in all things, those of weak will can do nothing. Like the water reed they are blown this way and that way by every passing wind. They are distracted from their aims by every obstacle that comes in their way. A drunkard resolves in the morning never to dr ink again, but by the evening we find him in this cups, A student determines to read at least six hours every day, but then, there appears a friend, an acquaintance, and the resolve of a moment before is forgotten and they day their will power or have never tried to cultivate it. There is nothing wrong with them except that they lack in singleness of purpose-in that perseverance which Carlyle considered being another name of genius. Not only good things but bad things as well can be achieved only through will power. A thief can steal and robber can fob only if they have determined to do so and haves sufficient will power for the purposes. They can have heir way only if they are endowed with enough force of will, otherwise the least noise will frighten them and they will take to their heels with their never be able to commit the deed. But sill power should be applied only to doing good things. If it is used to achieve evil, the forces, of good within us would certainly weaken a nd stultify it. This force, through which we can have our way in all things and which opens out immense possibilities for us, should be cultivated systematically all through life. In the first instance the objectives we place before us should be easy of achievement and we should make every effort to to achieve it and must not be deflected from out path by any suggestion. Then we should concentrate our attention on higher objectives, which can then be developed further by being devoted to aims, noble and good. To sum up: Will is a great force both for good and evil. It makes impossible things possible. The story of man’s progress from chaos to order, from barbarism to civilization, is nothing but a story of his will power pitted against all the hostile forces of nature. This will power can be achieved by ably one of us by continuous process of concentration on noble objectives. Once acquired, it will enable us to have our way in all things. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Where There Is a Will There Is a Way" essay for you Create order